SQL之各种join小结详细讲解

SQL之各种join小结详细讲解,博智网带你了解详细信息 。
SQL Left Join, Right Join, Inner Join, and Natural Join 各种Join小结在SQL语言中,存在着各种Join,有Left Join, Right Join, Inner Join, and Natural Join等,对于初学者来说肯定一头雾水,都是神马跟神马啊,它们之间到底有着怎样的区别和联系呢,我们先用一张图片来说明:

SQL之各种join小结详细讲解


SQL之各种join小结详细讲解


上面这张图很好的阐释了Left Join,Right Join,Inner Join,和Full Outer Join的区别,下面用我们用一个简单的例子来帮助我们理解和区分,现在有两个表Person和Address:
-- Table Person
+----------+-----------+----------+
| PersonId | FirstName | LastName |
+----------+-----------+----------+
|        1 | Zhang     | San      |
|        2 | Li        | Si       |
|        3 | Wang      | Wu       |
|        4 | Yang      | Liu      |
+----------+-----------+----------+
-- Table Address
+-----------+----------+---------------+-------+
| AddressId | PersonId | City          | State |
+-----------+----------+---------------+-------+
|         1 |        2 | San Francisco | CA    |
|         2 |        3 | Los Angeles   | CA    |
|         3 |        1 | San Diego     | CA    |
+-----------+----------+---------------+-------+
我们下面一个一个的来看:
Left Join:returns all rows from the left table (table1), with the matching rows in the right table (table2). The result is NULL in the right side when there is no match.
【SQL之各种join小结详细讲解】左交:返回左表的所有行和匹配的右表的行,如果没有匹配上的用NULL.
SELECT * FROM Person LEFT JOIN Address ON Person.PersonId = Address.PersonId; 
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+----------+---------------+-------+
| PersonId | FirstName | LastName | AddressId | PersonId | City   | State |
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+----------+---------------+-------+
|        2 | Li        | Si       |         1 |        2 | San Francisco | CA    |
|        3 | Wang      | Wu       |         2 |        3 | Los Angeles   | CA    |
|        1 | Zhang     | San      |         3 |        1 | San Diego     | CA    |
|        4 | Yang      | Liu      |      NULL |     NULL | NULL          | NULL  |
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+----------+---------------+-------+
Right Join: returns all rows from the right table (table2), with the matching rows in the left table (table1). The result is NULL in the left side when there is no match.
右交:返回右表的所有行和匹配的左表的行,如果没有匹配上的用NULL.
SELECT * FROM Person RIGHT JOIN Address ON Person.PersonId = Address.PersonId; 
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+----------+---------------+-------+
| PersonId | FirstName | LastName | AddressId | PersonId | City          | State |
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+----------+---------------+-------+
|        1 | Zhang     | San      |         3 |        1 | San Diego     | CA    |

推荐阅读